See also Jeep Cherokee for other models using this name

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The Jeep Cherokee (KL) is a compact^[4][5][6]crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by the Jeep subdivision of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. Introduced for model year 2014 at the 2013 New York International Auto Show, sales began in November 2013.^[1][7][7]

The Cherokee is the first Jeep vehicle to use the Fiat Compact/Compact Wide platform, co-developed by Chrysler and Fiat.^[3] The Jeep Cherokee is built at Belvidere Assembly Plant in Belvidere, Illinois.^[8]

The Cherokee was first previewed by Jeep in February 2013, shortly after the brand released three newly designed versions of its popular vehicles, the Jeep Compass, Jeep Patriot, and Jeep Grand Cherokee. Jeep announced that the all-new vehicle would be named the Cherokee, and also that the new vehicle would make its official debut at the New York International Auto Show in March 2013. The Cherokee's official debut was made on Wednesday, March 27, 2013.

Jeep adopted the Cherokee name worldwide. The North American market saw the Cherokee nameplate for the first time since the 2001 departure of the Jeep Cherokee (XJ). Other markets retained the Cherokee name with the introduction of the Jeep Liberty in the North American markets.

The all-new Cherokee's wheelbase is 106 inches (2,692 mm), 1.1 inches (28 mm) longer than the 1993 Jeep Grand Cherokee, 5.1 inches (130 mm) longer than its predecessor, the Jeep Cherokee XJ, and 2.7 inches (69 mm) shorter than the original Jeep Cherokee (SJ).

• 2Trim levels
• 8Facelift

Four-wheel drive systems[edit]

The Jeep Cherokee can be equipped with three different four-wheel drive systems: Active Drive I, Active Drive II, and Active Drive Lock. All of these systems come with Jeep's Selec-Terrain traction control system and rear-axle disconnect feature. The rear axle disconnect feature, a first for Compact SUV, disconnects the rear-axle when four-wheel drive is not needed. This lowers parasitic drivetrain load; which improves fuel efficiency.^[3]

Trim levels[edit]

Upon introduction the Cherokee is available in four trim levels:

Sport[edit]

The Sport serves as the base model. It includes seventeen-inch steel wheels, the Uconnect 5.0 touch screen radio, six speakers, cloth seating surfaces, a 2.4L Tigershark I4 engine, nine-speed ZFautomatic transmission, and more. It comes in both 4x2 and 4x4. In 2015, the 3.2L PentastarV6 also became available on this model. Seventeen-inch alloy wheels are available as part of the Sport Appearance Package. The Sport was replaced with the Latitude starting in 2019.

Latitude[edit]

The Latitude adds alloy wheels and body-colored door handles and side view mirrors. It comes in both 4x2 and 4x4. In Canada, the model is dubbed North 4x2 or North 4x4. The 'Latitude' comes with the 8.4' Uconnect and premium sound option as standard, whereas on the 'North' it is an optional upgrade. There is an Altitude model that was introduced in spring 2014 that is based on the Latitude model and adds black alloy wheels and blacked-out accents. The Latitude model will be Jeep's volume seller of the Cherokee line. The Latitude became the new base model Cherokee in 2019, replacing the Sport, and a new Latitude Plus trim was introduced to take the place of the old Latitude model.

Trailhawk[edit]

The Trailhawk adds dark-colored alloy wheels, the Uconnect 8.4A touch screen radio with 9-1-1 emergency assistance, roadside assistance, and support for apps. It comes in 4x4 model only, is Trail Rated®, and is a far more off-road capable model. Trailhawk is the only trim to include recovery hooks for towing a stuck vehicle and a mechanical rear locker. Both Trailhawk L and Trailhawk Elite models became available starting in 2017, adding uplevel features to the base Trailhawk model.

Limited[edit]

The Limited serves as the top-of-the-line model, and adds bright-finished alloy wheels, and leather seating surfaces. It comes in both 4x2 and 4x4. It also adds the U Connect ACCESS 8.4A touch-screen infotainment system, heated dual front seats, and Keyless Go with push-button and remote starter systems.

The Altitude Edition is based on the midlevel Latitude model, and adds features to the model such as gloss black eighteen-inch alloy wheels, a black lower front fascia accent, gloss black grille surrounds, gloss black roof rails, gloss black exterior badges, black window surround moldings, and an all-black leather interior. Also included is Chrysler's award-winning U Connect ACCESS 8.4A radio, with an A/M-F/M stereo, SIRIUS-XM Satellite Radio, an optional single-disc player (mounted in the center console), iPod and USB input jacks, a 3.5-millimeter auxiliary audio input jack, U Connect ACCESS W/ hands-free calling, 9-1-1 Assist, Wi-Fi connectivity for wireless internet access in the vehicle, wireless audio streaming, voice command, a full color touch-screen display, optional Garmin GPS navigation, and more. The model became available in 2015, and has a base price of $25,495.00 MSRP, up only $600.00 MSRP from the Latitude model it is based on, and is only available in Granite Crystal Metallic, Billet Silver Metallic, Bright White Clear Coat, or Brilliant Black Crystal Pearl Coat Metallic, all of which compliment the gloss black exterior accents.

All trim levels include the 2.4L Tigershark I4 engine, and all also offer the optional 3.2L Pentastar V6 engine, with either 4X2 or 4X4 available on Sport, Latitude, and Limited models, and the Trailhawk model having standard 4X4. The Active Drive II 4X4 system with off-road suspension is optional on all models other than the base Sport model, though the Trailhawk model has the Active Drive II 4X4 system with off-road suspension as standard equipment. All models have a ZF-developed nine-speed automatic transmission, the first of its kind to be installed into a production vehicle.

Models equipped with factory towing feature 3.517:1 final drive ratio (V6) or 4.048:1 (I4) and can tow up to 4500lb (US market). Models not equipped with factory towing have 3.251:1 (V6) or 3.734:1 (I4) and are limited to a 2000lb tow capacity (US market).

In January 2016, Jeep announced the Cherokee Overland, which will now serve as the top-of-the-line, and most luxurious, Cherokee trim level in the United States. It will add these features in addition to the previously top-of-the-line Limited trim level:

-Exterior Color-Keyed Front and Rear Fascias with Chrome Accents-Exterior Color-Keyed Front and Rear Wheel Wells -Eighteen-Inch (18') Fully-Polished Alloy Wheels-U Connect ACCESS 8.4AN Infotainment System (A/M-F/M HD Radio, SiriusXMSatellite Radio, U Connect ACCESS Services and 9-1-1 Emergency Calling, Mobile App Support, ParkView Rear-View Backup Camera, Full Color Touch-Screen Display (8.4'), Garmin-Based GPS Navigation, iPod/USB Ports, 3.5-Millimeter Auxiliary Audio Input Jack, MicroSD Card Slot, and Bluetooth for Hands-Free Calling and A2DP Wireless Stereo Audio Streaming)-Nine-Speaker 506-Watt Alpine Premium Sound System with External Amplifier, Rear-Mounted Subwoofer, Surround-Sound, and Graphical Equalizer-Heated and Ventilated 'Nappa'/'Axis II' Leather-Trimmed Perforated Seating Surfaces -Leather-and-Wood-Trimmed Heated Steering Wheel

The Overland will offer either the 184-horsepower 2.4L Tigershark Inline Four-Cylinder (I4) engine, or the 271-horsepower 3.2L Pentastar V6 engine with Stop-and-Go Technology, as well as Two-Wheel-Drive or Four-Wheel-Drive (Four-Wheel-Drive with Jeep's 'Active-Drive II' transfer case). Exterior colors are Billet Silver Metallic, Light Brownstone Metallic, Bright White Clear Coat, Deep Cherry Red Metallic, and Brilliant Black Crystal Pearl Coat Metallic. Interior colors are either Black or Pearl. Two-Wheel-Drive models start at $34,695.00 MSRP, while Four-Wheel-Drive models start at $38,395.00 MSRP. The models will become available in Spring, 2016.

In addition, a 75th Anniversary Edition model made its debut in January, 2016 to celebrate Jeep's 75th Anniversary. Based on the Latitude trim level of the Cherokee, exclusive features include a Recon Green Metallic exterior paint color option, unique 75th Anniversary Edition exterior emblems, bronze-painted exterior accents, bronze-painted eighteen-inch (18') alloy wheels, premium cloth seating surfaces with 'Ombre' mesh inserts and 75th Anniversary Edition embroidery, and bronze-accented interior trim. The U Connect ACCESS 8.4A infotainment system, as well as a full panoramic power moonroof are both standard on this model, as is deep-tinted glass and automatic front head and fog lamps. The trim level starts at $27,875.00 MSRP, and will be available in Spring, 2016

Pricing and availability[edit]

In June 2013, Jeep announced the pricing on the all-new Cherokee. The base Sport FWD model will start at $22,995 MSRP. The Latitude FWD model will start at $24,495 MSRP. The Trailhawk 4x4 model will start at $29,495, and the top-of-the-line Limited FWD model will start at $27,995 MSRP.

The all-new Cherokee began production in the spring of 2013, but Jeep has pushed back the release date of the Cherokee to allow time for the development of the nine-speed automatic transmission by ZF. The all-new Cherokee arrived at dealerships in mid-fall 2013.

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In late summer 2013, Jeep announced that it would temporarily cease production of its all-new Cherokee due to a transmission software issue. A few thousand Cherokees had already been produced, and would remain at the factory until a fix could be issued. In October 2013, a software fix was issued to the Cherokee, resuming production of the vehicle, and shipped it to dealerships in the U.S. By November the sales have started well in both the US and Canada, with at least four weeks of stock depletion due to pre-order. Chrysler has stated on 11 December 2013 the Cherokee advertisement campaign with the tagline Built Free to be the most successful one since the introduction of the 2011 Dodge Charger.

The Cherokee was introduced in Europe in the spring of 2014. To meet the demands of European buyers the model was fitted with one or more diesel powertrains, most likely one or more versions of the FIAT Multijet engine with a displacement of 2.0L and 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp).

The Cherokee is set to undergo a refresh for Model Year 2019 and, according to sources, may lose its split headlights.^[9]

Powertrain[edit]

The Cherokee features Chrysler's 2.4L Tigershark I4 engine that produces a maximum output of 187 PS (138 kW; 184 hp) and 232 N⋅m (171 lbf⋅ft) of torque. It has a fuel economy of 31 miles per gallon,^[3] which is 45% better than the Liberty/Cherokee it replaces,^[7][8] and a driving range of 495 miles (797 km).

Optional for the Cherokee is Chrysler's new 3.2L PentastarV6 engine, It achieves 29 MPG and produces 275 PS (202 kW; 271 hp) and 324 N⋅m (239 lbf⋅ft) of torque. The Cherokee is Chrysler's first product to feature the all-new engine.

In select markets, FCA offers an all-new 2.2L Multijet II common rail direct injectionturbodiesel with 185 PS (136 kW; 182 hp) or 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) and 440 N⋅m (320 lbf⋅ft) of torque, achieving fuel economy of 49.6 MPG_imp combined.

Cherokees for sale in the United States feature Chrysler's new nine-speed automatic transmission, designed by ZF and manufactured by Chrysler. Cherokees for sale in Europe may feature a 6 speed manual transmission.^[10] Not only is the Cherokee the first Chrysler vehicle to feature a nine-speed transmission, it is the first sport utility vehicle to feature a nine-speed transmission. The transmission yields approximately two additional miles per gallon with the V6 engine option compared to a six speed automatic.^[10]

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Front-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive models are available, with Jeep's Selec-Terrain system being available on the latter. These are named differently depending on the markets, with the FWD being slightly less expensive.

Transmission issues[edit]

The Cherokee was the first vehicle to market to use ZF's new 9 speed automatic transaxle. It features an unconventional design that reduces its size and increases fuel economy over more conventional transmissions, but increases its complexity.^[11] The initial release of the Cherokee was delayed several weeks citing quality concerns with the transmission,^[12] and multiple reports of issues with shift quality and reliability surfaced shortly after launch. Both 2014 and 2015 Cherokees have a high number of consumer complaints on safecar.gov and carcomplaints.com compared to similar models of its class, with the vast majority of complaints being related to the transmission.^[13][14] FCA's chief quality officer was forced to leave shortly after a poor Consumer Reports review on the dependability of models including the Cherokee,^[15] and so far Chrysler has released 3 software updates for the 2014-2015 Cherokee transmission. The company continues to assert that the problem is software related. However, Chrysler is repairing some Cherokee models' transmission 'snap ring' to address durability concerns.^[16] Multiple vehicles that use the same ZF model transmission, such as the Range Rover Evoque, Honda Pilot, Acura TLX, Chrysler 200, and even the similarly built Jeep Renegade have had issues of varying severity as well. ZF, the transmission's designer, also insists that the issue is with software, and would not comment on any improvements being made.^[17] As of August 2016, ZF has issued a recall regarding the 9 speed automatic transmission affecting 505,000 vehicles. ZF is quoted for suggesting the issues are related to a faulty control sensor could cause the transmission to randomly drop into neutral while driving.

These transmission issues delayed the release of the all-new 2014 Jeep Cherokee KL to consumers until late summer 2014.^[18]

Software hack[edit]

in July 2015, FCA issued a recall of 1.4 million vehicles after a software glitch was discovered which would allow hackers to wirelessly hijack vehicles and electronically control vital functions.^[19] IT security researchers Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek hacked a 2014 Jeep Cherokee and gained access to the car over the Internet, which allowed them to control the vehicle's radio, A/C, and windshield wipers, as well as the Cherokee's steering, brakes and transmission.^[19] Chrysler published a patch that car owners can download and install via a USB stick, or have a car dealer install for them.^[19]

The software glitch impacted the 2014-2015 Jeep Cherokee, as well as the 2015 Chrysler 200, the 2015 Chrysler 300, the 2015 Dodge Charger, the 2015 Dodge Challenger, the 2013-2014 SRT and Dodge Viper, the 2014-2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2), and the 2013-2015 Ram Truck 1500'through 5500. All vehicles were equipped with either the U Connect 3C 8.4A (RA3) or the U Connect 3C 8.4AN (RA4) infotainment systems, which featured U Connect ACCESS, and used a Sprint3GCDMA wireless connection in the vehicle to access services and apps. Vehicles equipped with the U Connect 2 3.0/3.0BT (RA1), the U Connect 3 5.0BT (RA2), and the U Connect 6.5A (RA4) were unaffected by the software glitch, as those radios did NOT feature a built-in wireless connection. Vehicles equipped with the older U Connect 3 8.4A (RE2) and the older U Connect 8.4N (RB5) infotainment systems were also unaffected for the same reason.

Production relocation[edit]

In late 2015, FCA US LLC announced that it would move production of the Jeep Cherokee to their Belvidere Assembly facility, where the Jeep Compass and Jeep Patriot, as well as the Dodge Dart (PF) were produced until 2016. The Belvidere Assembly facility would not have to be retooled in order to produce the Cherokee, and the production change would most likely take place after the Dart is discontinued following the 2017 model year. FCA announced on July 14, 2016 to invest $700M into the plant and add 700 jobs to the Toledo North. An announcement regarding the future of the South plant will be made at a later date.^[20]Production in Toledo ended in spring 2017. 949,151 units were built between 2013 and 2017.^[21]

Facelift[edit]

The restyled 2019 Jeep Cherokee KL made its debut at the 2018 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan on Tuesday, January 16, 2018. ^[22]

The front grille on the Cherokee has been moved down slightly to allow for larger front headlamps with LED daytime running lamps (DRL's), and the turn signals are now integrated into the front headlamps. All trim levels of the new Cherokee receive new wheel designs. The rear end of the 2019 Cherokee resembles the rear end of the second-generation Jeep Compass, with similar LED rear tail lamps.

On the interior, the Cherokee has changed little from the pre-facelifted 2014-18 version. Some trim levels of the Cherokee receive new seat fabrics, and all trim levels receive improved interior materials (all trim levels receive new interior color schemes). The infotainment systems have also been upgraded to the fourth-generation U Connect 4 systems. The base system (U Connect 4 7.0) replaces the previous U Connect 3 5.0BT radio on base trim levels, and the U Connect 4C 8.4 systems replace the U Connect 3C systems, adding 4GLTEWi Fi connectivity, SiriusXM Guardian service for either six months when not equipped with GPS navigation, or one year when equipped with GPS navigation. All systems (U Connect 4 7.0 and U Connect 4C 8.4) receive HD Radio (previously only available with GPS navigation, for U Connect 4C 8.4 systems only), an improved User Interface (UI), and standard Apple CarPlay and Android Auto The larger U Connect 4C 8.4 systems integrate with the SiriusXM Guardian smartphone application for iOS and Android, as well as an application for smartwatches such as the Apple Watch and Android Wear devices, as well as integration with Amazon Alexa (Amazon Echo) devices, which was first introduced on the 2018 Cherokee Latitude Plus with the Tech Connect Package (the Latitude Plus with Tech Connect Package is no longer available for 2019, as its features have been integrated into the 2019 Jeep Cherokee lineup).

Engine choices for the 2019 Cherokee include the previously-available 180-horsepower 2.4L Multi-Air Inline Four-Cylinder (I4) and the 271-horsepower 3.2L Pentastar VVT V6 gasoline-powered units, though the V6 engine now comes as standard equipment on the upper trim levels of the Cherokee, where it was previously optional. However, a new engine, the 2.0L Hurricane Turbocharged Inline Four-Cylinder (I4) engine is now available on higher trim levels of the Cherokee, and produces 270 horsepower. All engines remain mated to a ZF-manufactured 948TE 9-speed automatic transmission, with a choice of either Front Wheel Drive (FWD) or Four Wheel Drive (4WD). All engines and transmissions receive improvements for improved reliability and fuel economy.

While only the uplevel Limited and Trailhawk trims were shown at its debut, the 2019 Jeep Cherokee will be available in Latitude, Latitude Plus, Limited, Trailhawk, Overland, and Trailhawk Elite trims. The all-new 2019 Cherokee went on sale at Jeep dealerships in the United States in early 2018 as an early 2019 model year vehicle.

Pricing for the new 2019 Jeep Cherokee, without options, is as follows ^[23]:

• Latitude (Base Model, Replacing Sport) : $24,690 (FWD), $26,190 (4WD)
• Latitude Plus (Volume Model): $26,495 (FWD), $27,995 (4WD)
• Limited (Luxury Model): $30,375 (FWD), $33,620 (4WD)
• Trailhawk (Off-Road Capable Model): $33,320 (4WD)
• Overland (Top-of-the-Line Model): $36,275 (FWD), $37,775 (4WD)
• Trailhawk Elite (Top-of-the-Line and Off-Road Capable Model, Replacing Trailhawk 'L'): $36,315 (4WD)

Production of the Jeep Cherokee was relocated from the Toledo Complex in Toledo, Ohio to the Belvidere Assembly Plant in Belvidere, Illinois that once produced the first-generation Jeep Compass MK and Jeep Patriot, and the Dodge Dart (PF), in late 2017 in order to accommodate production of the all-new 2018 Jeep Wrangler (JL). Both plants received an extensive retooling in order to produce their respective vehicles. The Belvidere Assembly Plant temporarily closed for retooling following production of the final 2017 Jeep Compass MK and Jeep Patriot in December of 2016.

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles has released a television commercial for the United States market restyled 2019 Cherokee, entitled 'The World Comes With It' ^[24], which also appears on the manufacturer's webpage for the vehicle. ^[25]

Jeep Grand Commander[edit]

Jeep has released a long wheelbase (LWB), seven-passenger version of the Cherokee KL, called the Jeep Grand Commander (not to be confused with the Jeep Commander XK that was produced between 2006 and 2010, and was based on the Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK)). Featuring slightly altered exterior styling, the all-new Grand Commander will be assembled in China, and will be exclusive to that market. No plans have been announced to sell the vehicle outside of its home market. ^[26]

Sales[edit]

Safety[edit]

Awards[edit]

As of February 2014, the 2014 Cherokee was the top-ranked Affordable Compact SUV in U.S. News & World Report's rankings.^[37]

Notes[edit]

1. ^ ^abc'Chrysler lets 2014 Jeep Cherokee details fly ahead of New York auto show debut'. Daily News (New York). Retrieved February 27, 2013.
2. ^'CHEROKEE 2014'. Jeep.es. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
3. ^ ^abcdefHarley, Michael (27 March 2013). '2014 Jeep Cherokee flaunts its new contemporary curves'. autoblog.com. Autoblog.com. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
4. ^https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2018-jeep-cherokee-in-depth-model-review
5. ^https://cars.usnews.com/cars-trucks/jeep/cherokee
6. ^https://www.jeep.com/2018/cherokee.html/.Missing or empty title= (help)
7. ^ ^abc'The All-New 2014 Jeep Cherokee'. Jeep. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
8. ^ ^ab'Jeep Revives Cherokee For 2014 With Polarizing New Design'. Forbes. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
9. ^http://autoweek.com/article/car-news/updated-2018-jeep-cherokee-will-sport-very-different-styling
10. ^ ^ab'2014 Jeep Cherokee SUV: modern midsize SUV'. Allpar.com. Retrieved 2013-10-24.
11. ^'ZF 9-Speed Automatic Transmission for Chrysler cars: 9HP, 948TE, 928TE'. Allpar. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
12. ^Lienert, Anita (21 October 2013). 'Shipping Starts on Delayed 2014 Jeep Cherokee'. Edmunds.com. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
13. ^'2014 Jeep Cherokee Problems and Complaints'. carcomplaints.com. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
14. ^'2015 Jeep Cherokee Complaints'. safecar.gov. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
15. ^Vellequette, Larry (28 October 2014). 'Betts leaves Chrysler after another poor quality showing'. Automotive News. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
16. ^'Is Fixing the 9 Speeds Just a 'Snap?''. Allpar. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
17. ^'Holy Shift: ZF 9-speed Automatic Problems Mount, Chrysler Releases Third Software Update for Jeep Cherokee'. Car & Driver Blog. 4 February 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
18. ^http://www.jeepproblems.com/trends/9-speed-transmission-problems/
19. ^ ^abcGreenberg, Andy. 'Hackers Remotely Kill a Jeep on the Highway—With Me in It'. Wired. Retrieved 2015-07-22.
20. ^'FCA to invest $700M, add 700 jobs to Toledo plant - nbc24'. NBC 24 Toledo.
21. ^'The last Toledo Cherokee'. Allpar.com. 2017-04-08. Retrieved 2017-07-07.
22. ^https://www.jeep.com/2019/cherokee.html
23. ^https://www.jeep.com/2019/cherokee.html
24. ^https://www.ispot.tv/ad/wcaE/jeep-spring-sales-event-world-comes-with-it-2019-cherokee
25. ^https://www.jeep.com/cherokee.html
26. ^https://www.autoblog.com/2018/04/25/jeep-grand-commander-three-row-crossover-suv/
27. ^'Jeep Brand Records New All-time Global Sales Record in 2013' (Press release). Chrysler Group LLC. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
28. ^'FCA US LLC Reports December 2014 U.S. Sales Increased 20 Percent – Best December Sales in a Decade; Full-Year Sales Up 16 Percent – Strongest Annual Sales Since 2006' (Press release). FCA US LLC. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
29. ^'Jeep® Brand Records Fourth Consecutive Global Sales Record' (Press release). Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
30. ^Luft, Alex (4 January 2017). 'FCA U.S. Sales Down 10 Percent To 192,519 Units In December 2016' (Press release). Retrieved 21 December 2017.
31. ^'Jato Global Sales Release'(PDF).
32. ^Fiat Car Italy (fiat-car-sales_canada)
33. ^Ltd., Motionlab Marketing (2018-02-23). 'The global domination of SUVs continues in 2017 - JATO'. JATO. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
34. ^http://media.fcanorthamerica.com/newsrelease.do?id=20509&mid=1
35. ^http://media.fcanorthamerica.com/newsrelease.do?id=20510&mid=1
36. ^'Jeep Cherokee'(PDF). euroncap.com. Retrieved 2013-10-24.
37. ^'Best Affordable Compact SUVs Rankings U.S. News Best Cars'. Usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.

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